Økonomi & Politik

Befolkningsaldring og sundhedsudgifter i Danmark

I løbet af de sidste 50 år har sundhedsudgifter udgjort en stigende andel af det globale forbrug, samtidig med at levetiden har været støt stigende, hvilket har vakt bekymring blandt økonomer, politikere og beslutningstagere. Denne artikel undersøger forskningen i aldersrelaterede sundhedsudgifter og de faktorer, der påvirker denne udvikling. Da sundhedsudgifter primært er koncentreret i de sidste leveår, fører befolkningsaldring ikke nødvendigvis til en betydelig stigning i udgifterne. Undtagelsen er dog plejeudgifter, som stiger med alderen. Derudover viser litteraturen, at medicinsk teknologi og praksis, som især gavner ældre, også presser omkostningerne op. Trods bekymringer om stigende sundhedsudgifter i en aldrende befolkning er situationen i Danmark mindre alarmerende. Effektiv forvaltning af det danske sygesikringssystem og Finansministeriets årvågenhed har, bortset fra en midlertidig stigning under covid-19-pandemien, holdt sundhedsudgifterne stabile som en andel af bruttonationalproduktet.

14. november 2024

Nature Human Behaviour

Intergenerational persistence of poverty in five high-income countries

Childhood poverty increases the likelihood of adult poverty. However, past research offers conflicting accounts of cross-national variation in the strength of—and mechanisms underpinning—the intergenerational persistence of poverty. Here the authors investigate differences in intergenerational poverty in the United States, Australia, Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom using administrative- and survey-based panel datasets.

28. oktober 2024

The Scandinavian Journal of Economics

The making and unmaking of opportunity: educational mobility in 20th-century Denmark

We examine trends in intergenerational educational mobility throughout the 20th century in Denmark. We demonstrate that major reforms in compulsory schooling substantially increased not only the levels of education but also intergenerational mobility in education for children born in the 1940s through to the 1960s. However, even as college education has expanded significantly for children born in the 1970s and 1980s, educational mobility has been declining. We empirically test different mechanisms that could account for this decline in educational mobility.

17. maj 2024

American Economic Journal

Refugee Benefit Cuts

This paper analyzes the effects of Denmark’s Start Aid welfare reform that targets refugees. Implemented in 2002, it enables us to study not only the reform’s immediate effects but also its longer-term consequences and its repeal a decade later. The reform-induced large transfer cuts led to an increase in employment rates, but only in the short run. Overall, the reform increased poverty rates and led to a rise in subsistence crime. Moreover, local demand conditions generate substantial heterogeneity in the reform’s effects on immediate and longer-term employment.

14. maj 2024

American Economic Journal

Unintended Consequences of Welfare Cuts for Children and Adolescents

This paper studies the effects of a large welfare benefit reduction on the children in the affected families. The welfare cut targeted adult refugees who received residency in Denmark, and it reduced their disposable income by 30 percent on average over the first five years. We show that children exposed to the welfare cut during preschool and school-age obtained lower GPAs, experienced reduced wellbeing and overall education levels, and suffered lower employment and earnings as adults. Children in their teens at exposure faced large increases in conviction probabilities for violent and property crimes.

13. maj 2024

American Economic Journal – Policy

Attendance Boundary Policies and the Limits to Combating School Segregation

What is the efficacy of redrawing school attendance boundaries as a desegregation policy? To provide causal evidence on this question, we employ novel data with unprecedented detail on the universe of Danish children and exploit changes in attendance boundaries over time. Households defy reassignments to schools with lower socioeconomic status. There is a strong social gradient in defiance, as resourceful households are more sensitive to the student composition of new schools. We simulate school assignment policies and find that boundary changes that reassign areas to a highly disadvantaged school are ineffective at altering the socioeconomic composition at the disadvantaged school.

3. februar 2024

Social Science & Medicine

From unequal injuries to unequal learning? Socioeconomic gradients in childhood concussions and the impact on children’s academic performance

Previous research identifies stark socioeconomic disparities in child injuries, yet research on the repercussions hereof on other aspects of children’s lives remains sparse. This paper tests whether social gradients in minor traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs or concussions) contribute to corresponding inequalities in children’s academic performance. Previous research on this topic is mostly based on small samples and confounded by non-random selection into experiencing mTBIs. We improve on prior research by using high quality, large N, administrative registry data. Further, we control for selection into having an mTBI via comparing the test score progression of children having an mTBI with children who experience an mTBI in later years (staggered difference-indifferences). Based on Danish ER/hospital records and national test score data, we find that children from families with lower earnings and less education are more likely to experience an mTBI and that having an mTBI negatively correlates with reading test scores. However, comparing present with future mTBI cases, we show that having an mTBI within a year before a test does not negatively affect children’s reading scores. Our findings suggest that negative correlations between mTBIs and academic performance more likely reflect socioeconomic gradients in mTBI incidents rather than a direct causal effect. Further, socioeconomic gradients in mTBI incidents do not significantly contribute to corresponding disparities in academic performance.

15. januar 2024

Social Science & Medicine

From unequal injuries to unequal learning? Socioeconomic gradients in childhood concussions and the impact on children’s academic performance

Highlights • Child concussion rates are higher among families with lower earnings and education. • Concussion incidence and reading test scores are negatively correlated. • Difference-in-differences model controls for selection and identifies a causal effect. • The negative correlation is driven by selection and does not reflect a causal effect. • Social gradients in concussions do not lead to inequality in academic performance.

30. december 2023

Psychological Medicine

Suicides, drug poisonings, and alcohol-related deaths cluster with health and social disadvantage in 4.1 million citizens from two nations

Deaths of despair are a marker of inequalities in countries beyond the U.S. with robust social-safety nets, nationwide healthcare, and strong pharmaceutical regulations. These deaths cluster within a highly disadvantaged population segment identifiable within health- and social-service systems.

3. november 2023

The journal of human resources

How Does Visitation Affect Incarcerated Persons and Their Families?

1. november 2023

European Psychiatry

Changes in anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European population

26. oktober 2023

Labour Economics

Access to language training and the local integration of refugees

15. oktober 2023

Children and Youth Services Review

Introducing a New Data Resource for Comparative Child Welfare Research: The Rockwool-Duke Global Child Welfare Database

9. september 2023

The Journal of Economic Inequality

Income developments in the great recession: Status for the Danish Prime-age Working Population a Decade Following the Onset of the Financial Crisis.”

8. september 2023

Demographic Research

Partial Fertility Recuperation in Spain Two Years After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic

5. september 2023

Canadian Review of Sociology

Sources of mathematics self-efficacy: The interactive role of parental education and perceptions of teachers

3. september 2023

Acta Sociologica

Criminal justice involvement, transition to fatherhood, and the demographic foundation of the intergenerational transmission of crime

30. august 2023

Justice Quarterly

Court Delays and Criminal Recidivism: Results from Danish Administrative Data and a Policy Reform

11. august 2023

European Journal of Public Health

The association between type of conception through medically assisted reproduction and childhood cognition: A Danish population-wide cohort study

22. juli 2023

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health

Psychosocial working conditions and sickness absence among younger employees in Denmark

11. juli 2023